Energy‐Resolving X‐ray Fluorescence Detection Using Synthetic Multilayers

The potential of synthetic multilayers for energy‐resolving the X‐ray fluorescence in X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) experiments is discussed. Two detection systems, one using curved multilayers and the other using graded multilayers to select X‐ray fluorescence photons, have been designed to cover a wide energy range with a usefully large solid angle. Such a detector will be more advantageous than the barrel‐like crystal‐array detector because of the unique properties of synthetic multilayers, such as larger horizontal acceptance angles and bandwidth. In addition, the detector should be much simpler to construct and readily accommodates energy changes, especially the detector using graded multilayers. Comparison of the multilayer array detector with conventional detectors, such as ionization chambers and conventional 13‐element Ge detectors, shows that the proposed system will be superior, particularly with the increased photon fluxes available from insertion devices and with decreased sample concentration, since this detection system eliminates the `bad' photons before they enter any X‐ray detector. Consequently, the X‐ray detector proper for this system does not suffer from the incident‐count‐rate bottleneck common to current X‐ray fluorescence detectors with energy resolution by signal processing. Thus, this new fluorescence detection system will provide tremendous opportunities for XAFS measurements on dilute systems, such as biological systems, at third‐generation synchrotron sources.