Open AccessX‐ray‐induced photo‐chemistry and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy of biological samples
Author(s) -
George Graham N.,
Pickering Ingrid J.,
Pushie M. Jake,
Nienaber Kurt,
Hackett Mark J.,
Ascone Isabella,
Hedman Britt,
Hodgson Keith O.,
Aitken Jade B.,
Levina Aviva,
Glover Christopher,
Lay Peter A.
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
journal of synchrotron radiation
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.172
H-Index - 99
ISSN - 1600-5775
DOI - 10.1107/s090904951203943x
Subject(s) - x ray absorption spectroscopy , synchrotron , absorption (acoustics) , x ray , spectroscopy , absorption spectroscopy , photon flux , chemistry , photon , optics , synchrotron radiation , x ray spectroscopy , analytical chemistry (journal) , physics , environmental chemistry , quantum mechanics
As synchrotron light sources and optics deliver greater photon flux on samples, X‐ray‐induced photo‐chemistry is increasingly encountered in X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) experiments. The resulting problems are particularly pronounced for biological XAS experiments. This is because biological samples are very often quite dilute and therefore require signal averaging to achieve adequate signal‐to‐noise ratios, with correspondingly greater exposures to the X‐ray beam. This paper reviews the origins of photo‐reduction and photo‐oxidation, the impact that they can have on active site structure, and the methods that can be used to provide relief from X‐ray‐induced photo‐chemical artifacts.