ID22: a multitechnique hard X‐ray microprobe beamline at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility

The ID22 beamline is dedicated to hard X‐ray microanalysis allowing the combination of fluorescence, spectroscopy, diffraction and tomography techniques in a wide energy range from 6 to 70 keV. The recent installation of an in‐vacuum undulator, a new sample stage and the adaptation of various focusing optics has contributed to a great improvement in the capabilities of the beamline, which is now accessed by a wide user community issued from medical, earth and environmental science, archaeology and material science. Many applications requiring low detection limits for localization/speciation of trace elements together with structural analysis have been developed at the beamline on the (sub)micrometer scale. The possibility of combining simultaneously different analytical probes offers the opportunity of a thorough study of a given sample or scientific problem. This paper presents a review of the recent developments of the beamline and a detailed description of its capabilities through examples from different fields of applications.