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Characterization of insulin microcrystals using powder diffraction and multivariate data analysis
Author(s) -
Norrman Mathias,
Ståhl Kenny,
Schluckebier Gerd,
AlKaradaghi Salam
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
journal of applied crystallography
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.429
H-Index - 162
ISSN - 1600-5767
DOI - 10.1107/s0021889806011058
Subject(s) - microcrystalline , powder diffraction , principal component analysis , crystallization , characterization (materials science) , crystallography , materials science , diffraction , molecule , crystal (programming language) , polymorphism (computer science) , cluster (spacecraft) , chemistry , analytical chemistry (journal) , chromatography , nanotechnology , computer science , optics , organic chemistry , biochemistry , physics , programming language , genotype , gene , artificial intelligence
Twelve different microcrystalline insulin formulations were investigated by X‐ray powder diffraction and were shown to have very characteristic patterns. Three of the formulations crystallize in the same crystal system, but have structural differences in the N‐terminal B‐chain of the insulin molecule. This difference was efficiently detected in the powder patterns. The sensitivity of the method makes it a valuable tool for characterization of microcrystalline samples. By use of principal‐component analysis, the twelve different formulations originating from six different crystal systems were classified into nine separate clusters. The powder patterns of each cluster can now be used as `fingerprints' for the different insulin polymorphs. The combination of X‐ray powder diffraction and multivariate analysis, such as principal‐component analysis, provides a rapid and effective tool for studying the influence of derivatives, additives, ions, pH etc ., in the crystallization media.