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Automatic determination of the morphotropic phase boundary in lead magnesium niobate titanate Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) (1− x ) Ti x O 3 within a single crystal using birefringence imaging
Author(s) -
Zekria David,
Glazer A. M.
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
journal of applied crystallography
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.429
H-Index - 162
ISSN - 1600-5767
DOI - 10.1107/s002188980302733x
Subject(s) - phase boundary , monoclinic crystal system , tetragonal crystal system , phase diagram , phase (matter) , materials science , analytical chemistry (journal) , dielectric , crystal (programming language) , crystallography , lead titanate , mineralogy , crystal structure , chemistry , ferroelectricity , optoelectronics , organic chemistry , chromatography , computer science , programming language
A detailed phase diagram of Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) (1− x ) Ti x O 3 , conventionally abbreviated to PMN‐PT, has been constructed around the morphotropic phase boundary from measurements taken from one single crystal possessing a composition gradient. Optical birefringence imaging was employed as a function of temperature to plot retardation and orientation information as a function of temperature and position within the crystal. Electron‐probe microanalysis measured the composition across the crystal and this enabled the phase boundaries to be plotted to high precision. Cubic (C), rhombohedral (R), tetragonal (T) and monoclinic (M) phases were observed, with the a C–R–T critical point at a composition x = 0.275 (4) at 394.7 (5) K on heating and at the same composition at 386.5 (5) K on cooling, in close agreement with phase diagrams suggested by published dielectric and diffraction experiments.