Nitrogen-Fixing Nodules Are an Important Source of Reduced Sulfur, Which Triggers Global Changes in Sulfur Metabolism in Lotus japonicus | Zendy

Chrysanthi Kalloniati | Zendy; Panagiotis Krompas | Zendy; Γεώργιος Καραλιάς | Zendy; Michael K. Udvardi | Zendy; Heinz Rennenberg | Zendy; Cornelia Herschbach | Zendy; Emmanouil Flemetakis | Zendy

Open Access

Nitrogen-Fixing Nodules Are an Important Source of Reduced Sulfur, Which Triggers Global Changes in Sulfur Metabolism in Lotus japonicus

Author(s) -

Chrysanthi Kalloniati,

Panagiotis Krompas,

Γεώργιος Καραλιάς,

Michael K. Udvardi,

Heinz Rennenberg,

Cornelia Herschbach,

Emmanouil Flemetakis

Publication year - 2015

Publication title -

the plant cell

Language(s) - English

Resource type - Journals

SCImago Journal Rank - 5.324

H-Index - 341

eISSN - 1532-298X

pISSN - 1040-4651

DOI - 10.1105/tpc.15.00108

Subject(s) - biology , lotus japonicus , nitrogen fixation , sulfur metabolism , nitrogenase , metabolism , assimilation (phonology) , sulfur , biochemistry , rhizobia , lotus , biosynthesis , nitrogen assimilation , nitrate reductase , root nodule , botany , mutant , bacteria , gene , enzyme , chemistry , genetics , linguistics , philosophy , organic chemistry

We combined transcriptomic and biochemical approaches to study rhizobial and plant sulfur (S) metabolism in nitrogen (N) fixing nodules (Fix(+)) of Lotus japonicus, as well as the link of S-metabolism to symbiotic nitrogen fixation and the effect of nodules on whole-plant S-partitioning and metabolism. Our data reveal that N-fixing nodules are thiol-rich organs. Their high adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase activity and strong (35)S-flux into cysteine and its metabolites, in combination with the transcriptional upregulation of several rhizobial and plant genes involved in S-assimilation, highlight the function of nodules as an important site of S-assimilation. The higher thiol content observed in nonsymbiotic organs of N-fixing plants in comparison to uninoculated plants could not be attributed to local biosynthesis, indicating that nodules are an important source of reduced S for the plant, which triggers whole-plant reprogramming of S-metabolism. Enhanced thiol biosynthesis in nodules and their impact on the whole-plant S-economy are dampened in plants nodulated by Fix(-) mutant rhizobia, which in most respects metabolically resemble uninoculated plants, indicating a strong interdependency between N-fixation and S-assimilation.

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