Branching Morphogenesis: From Cells to Organs and Back
Author(s) -
Amanda Ochoa-Espinosa,
Markus Affolter
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
cold spring harbor perspectives in biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.011
H-Index - 173
ISSN - 1943-0264
DOI - 10.1101/cshperspect.a008243
Subject(s) - biology , morphogenesis , multicellular organism , branching (polymer chemistry) , complementation , anatomy , microbiology and biotechnology , evolutionary biology , phenotype , gene , genetics , materials science , composite material
Many animal organs, such as the lung, the kidney, the mammary gland, and the vasculature, consist of branched tubular structures that arise through a process known as "branching morphogenesis" that results from the remodeling of epithelial or endothelial sheaths into multicellular tubular networks. In recent years, the combination of molecular biology, forward and reverse genetic approaches, and their complementation by live imaging has started to unravel rules and mechanisms controlling branching processes in animals. Common patterns of branch formation spanning diverse model systems are beginning to emerge that might reflect unifying principles of tubular organ formation.
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