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Nodal Morphogens
Author(s) -
Alexander F. Schier
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
cold spring harbor perspectives in biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.011
H-Index - 173
ISSN - 1943-0264
DOI - 10.1101/cshperspect.a003459
Subject(s) - nodal , morphogen , nodal signaling , biology , mesoderm , endoderm , microbiology and biotechnology , ectoderm , decapentaplegic , nodal analysis , embryonic stem cell , anatomy , embryogenesis , embryo , transcription factor , gastrulation , genetics , gene , enhancer , engineering , electrical engineering
Nodal signals belong to the TGF-beta superfamily and are essential for the induction of mesoderm and endoderm and the determination of the left-right axis. Nodal signals can act as morphogens-they have concentration-dependent effects and can act at a distance from their source of production. Nodal and its feedback inhibitor Lefty form an activator/inhibitor pair that behaves similarly to postulated reaction-diffusion models of tissue patterning. Nodal morphogen activity is also regulated by microRNAs, convertases, TGF-beta signals, coreceptors, and trafficking factors. This article describes how Nodal morphogens pattern embryonic fields and discusses how Nodal morphogen signaling is modulated.

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