Open AccessMosquito-borne epornitic flaviviruses: an update and review
Author(s) -
Emna Benzarti,
Annick Lindén,
Daniël Desmecht,
Mutien-Marie Garigliany
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of general virology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.55
H-Index - 167
eISSN - 1465-2099
pISSN - 0022-1317
DOI - 10.1099/jgv.0.001203
Subject(s) - biology , virology , japanese encephalitis , virus , encephalitis , host (biology) , flavivirus , pathogenicity , west nile virus , flaviviridae , veterinary virology , vaccination , zoology , viral disease , ecology , microbiology and biotechnology
West Nile Virus, Usutu virus, Bagaza virus, Israel turkey encephalitis virus and Tembusu virus currently constitute the five flaviviruses transmitted by mosquito bites with a marked pathogenicity for birds. They have been identified as the causative agents of severe neurological symptoms, drop in egg production and/or mortalities among avian hosts. They have also recently shown an expansion of their geographic distribution and/or a rise in cases of human infection. This paper is the first up-to-date review of the pathology of these flaviviruses in birds, with a special emphasis on the difference in susceptibility among avian species, in order to understand the specificity of the host spectrum of each of these viruses. Furthermore, given the lack of a clear prophylactic approach against these viruses in birds, a meta-analysis of vaccination trials conducted to date on these animals is given to constitute a solid platform from which designing future studies.