Paenibacillus xerothermodurans sp. nov., an extremely dry heat resistant spore forming bacterium isolated from the soil of Cape Canaveral, Florida

A Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-producing, facultative anaerobic bacterial strain, designated ATCC 27380 T , was isolated from heat-stressed soil of Cape Canaveral, Florida, USA. Growth was observed at 20-42 °C (optimum, 37 °C), at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0.5-3 % NaCl (optimum 0.5 %). The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic amino acid and the isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The polar lipids present were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and one unknown phospholipid. The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing affiliated strain ATCC 27380 T to the genus Paenibacillus, and showed the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus rigui JCM 16352 T (97.0 %). The other closely related type strains exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values below 95.9 %. The draft genome of ATCC 27380 T had a size of 4,361,187 bases, with a G+C content of 51.0 %. The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain ATCC 27380 T and P. rigui JCM 16352 T were 72.5% and 18.5 %, respectively, which were below the threshold suggested for species differentiation (96% and 70 %, respectively). The average amino acid identity between strain ATCC 27380 T and P. rigui JCM 16352 T was 68.72 %, which was above the suggested genus level demarcation of 65 %. Based on phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain ATCC 27380 T represents a novel species in the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillusxerothermodurans sp. nov. (=DSM 520 T =NRRL NRS-1629 T =ATCC 27380 T ) is proposed.