Open AccessTargeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis for cancer treatment: a review on nanotechnology
Author(s) -
Tuan Hiep Tran,
Thi Thu Phuong Tran
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
royal society open science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.84
H-Index - 51
ISSN - 2054-5703
DOI - 10.1098/rsos.211991
Subject(s) - nanomedicine , nanocarriers , immunotherapy , medicine , pillar , cancer immunotherapy , cancer , pd l1 , cancer treatment , nanotechnology , pharmacology , drug , materials science , engineering , nanoparticle , structural engineering
Although nanomedicines have been in the oncology field for almost three decades with the introduction of doxil, only a few nanomedicine products have reached approval. Can nanotechnology be a realistic tool to reduce the number of hospital beds? At present, several clinically approved anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies or CAR T cell-based therapies are available; however, the immunotherapy field is far from mature. Will immunotherapy be the fourth pillar of cancer treatment? In this review, we summarized the current status of immunotherapy using PD-1/PD-L1-targeting nanocarriers. The knowledge on material science, therapeutic agents and formulation designs could pave the way for high-efficacy treatment outcomes.