Open AccessThe rise of illicit fentanyls, stimulants and the fourth wave of the opioid overdose crisis
Author(s) -
Daniel Ciccarone
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
current opinion in psychiatry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.66
H-Index - 90
eISSN - 1473-6578
pISSN - 0951-7367
DOI - 10.1097/yco.0000000000000717
Subject(s) - polysubstance dependence , stimulant , medicine , opioid overdose , opioid use disorder , methamphetamine , drug overdose , fentanyl , opioid , substance abuse , psychiatry , pharmacology , poison control , environmental health , (+) naloxone , receptor
This review provides an update on recently published literature on the rise of illicit fentanyls, risks for overdose, combinations with other substances, e.g. stimulants, consequences, and treatment.