Open AccessAcute Chelation Therapy‐Associated Changes in Urine Gadolinium, Self-reported Flare Severity, and Serum Cytokines in Gadolinium Deposition Disease
Author(s) -
Holden T. Maecker,
Janet Siebert,
Yael Rosenberg-Hasson,
Lorrin M. Koran,
Miguel Ramalho,
Richard C. Semelka
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
investigative radiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.33
H-Index - 114
eISSN - 1536-0210
pISSN - 0020-9996
DOI - 10.1097/rli.0000000000000752
Subject(s) - medicine , urine , gadolinium , cytokine , magnetic resonance imaging , urology , nuclear medicine , gastroenterology , radiology , materials science , metallurgy
The aim of this study was to determine the following in patients who have undergone magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) and meet the proposed diagnostic criteria for gadolinium deposition disease (GDD): (1) the effectiveness of chelation therapy (CT) with intravenous Ca-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid in removing retained gadolinium (Gd) and factors affecting the amount removed; (2) the frequency of CT-induced Flare, that is, GDD diagnostic symptom worsening, and factors affecting Flare intensity; (3) whether, as reported in a separate cohort, GDD patients' serum cytokine levels differ significantly from those in healthy normal controls and change significantly in response to CT; and (4) whether urine Gd, Flare reaction, and serum cytokine findings in GDD patients are mimicked in non-ill patients described as having gadolinium storage condition (GSC).