Open AccessHospitalizations for Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Among HIV-1–Infected Adolescents and Adults in the United States in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy and the Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccine
Author(s) -
Athena P. Kourtis,
Sascha Ellington,
Pooja Bansil,
Denise J. Jamieson,
Samuel F. Posner
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.162
H-Index - 157
eISSN - 1944-7884
pISSN - 1525-4135
DOI - 10.1097/qai.0b013e3181e8ed15
Subject(s) - pneumococcal conjugate vaccine , medicine , confidence interval , odds ratio , pneumococcal infections , pediatrics , antiretroviral therapy , young adult , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , streptococcus pneumoniae , immunology , viral load , genetics , bacteria , biology
We describe hospitalization trends of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among HIV-infected adolescents and adults since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in the United States, using the nation-wide inpatient sample. We estimated national trends of IPD hospitalizations during 3 periods: 1994-1995 (pre-HAART/pre-PCV7); 1998-1999 (HAART/pre-PCV7); and 2004-2005 (HAART/ early PCV7). The number of IPD hospitalizations among HIV-infected individuals declined 49.2% between 1994/1995 and 2004/2005. Compared with 1994-1995, the adjusted odds ratio for IPD hospitalizations of HIV-infected adolescents and adults in the United States during 2004-2005 was 0.64 (95% confidence interval: 0.54 to 0.77). The decrease was observed after introduction of the PCV7.