Open AccessBrief Report: Urine Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Concentrations Provide Markers of Recent Antiretroviral Drug Exposure Among HIV-Negative Men Who Have Sex With Men
Author(s) -
Richard E. Haaland,
Amy Martin,
Tamee Livermont,
Jeffrey J. Fountain,
Chuong Dinh,
Angela Holder,
L. Davis Lupo,
LaShonda Hall,
Christopher Conway-Washington,
Colleen F. Kelley
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1944-7884
pISSN - 1525-4135
DOI - 10.1097/qai.0000000000002133
Subject(s) - emtricitabine , elvitegravir , cobicistat , tenofovir alafenamide , urine , medicine , urology , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , viral load , antiretroviral therapy , immunology
Urine provides a minimally invasive specimen that may allow for development of rapid tests to detect antiretroviral drugs and provide opportunities to improve individual adherence. This study sought to determine whether urine could provide a biomarker of adherence for currently approved pre-exposure prophylaxis and HIV treatment regimens.