Randomized, Controlled Trial of Early Intravenous Nutrition for Prevention of Neonatal Jaundice in Term and Near‐term Neonates

Background: This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of early parenteral nutrition on prevention of neonatal jaundice in term and near‐term neonates who could not be enterally fed. Patients and Methods: Seventy‐two infants were randomized into 2 groups: the early parenteral nutrition group (group 1) received 1.0 g/kg/d amino acids beginning within the first day and 1.0 g/kg/d lipid added the next day. The conventional nutrition group (group 2) started on a solution containing 10% glucose and electrolytes in the first 72 hours of life, followed by 0.5 g/kg/d amino acids and lipid. Amino acids and lipid were each increased by 0.5 g/kg/d to a maximum of 3.0 g/kg/d in both groups. Main outcome measures were energy intake; serum bilirubin levels at 24, 48, and 72 hours; need for phototherapy; and duration of phototherapy. Results: Higher energy intake was achieved after the first day in group 1. Daily serum bilirubin levels did not significantly differ between groups. Nine patients in each group required phototherapy. The initiation times of phototherapy were 92.9 hours ± 25.5 in group 1 and 83.1 hours ± 28.5 in group 2. Durations of phototherapy were 37.3 hours ± 11.1 in group 1 and 52.0 hours ± 20.7 in group 2. There were no significant differences in the requirement, initiation time, and duration of phototherapy. Conclusions: Early parenteral nutrition has no proven benefit in terms of therapy requirement or severity and duration of neonatal jaundice compared with conventional parenteral nutrition in term and near‐term infants who could not be enterally fed.