Open AccessThe Diverse Involvement of Cigarette Smoking in Pancreatic Cancer Development and Prognosis
Author(s) -
Simcha Weissman,
Kazuki Takakura,
Guido Eibl,
Stephen J. Pandol,
Masayuki Saruta
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
pancreas
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.061
H-Index - 104
eISSN - 1536-4828
pISSN - 0885-3177
DOI - 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001550
Subject(s) - medicine , cigarette smoking , pancreatic cancer , disease , narrative review , pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma , mechanism (biology) , cancer , incidence (geometry) , oncology , cigarette smoke , intensive care medicine , environmental health , philosophy , physics , epistemology , optics
Despite extensive research in the pathogenesis, early detection, and therapeutic approaches of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), it remains a devastating and incurable disease. As the global incidence and prevalence of PDAC continue to rise, there is a pressing need to place strong emphasis on its prevention. Although it is widely recognized that cigarette smoking, a potentially modifiable risk factor, has been linked to PDAC development, its contribution to prognosis is still uncertain. Moreover, the mechanistic pathways of PDAC progression secondary to smoking are various and lack a summative narration. Herein, we update and summarize the direct and indirect roles cigarette smoking plays on PDAC development, review literature to conclude the impact cigarette smoking has on prognosis, and postulate a comprehensive mechanism for cigarette smoking-induced PDAC.