Pseudodiphallia: a rare kind of diphallia

Rationale: Pseudodiphallia, as a rare kind of diphallia, which is characterized by a small accessory penile-like tissue without a normal penile anatomy structure. Only a few cases have been reported. Here, we report a case of pseudodiphallia with phimosis and bilateral extrarenal pelvis. Patient concerns: A 23-year-old male visited our hospital with a complaint of external genitalia malformation. Physical examination revealed a normal-sized penis with phimosis, and an extra half glans horizontally attached to the right side of the normal glans penis is visible after completely retracting the foreskin. The CT urography showed a bilateral extrarenal pelvis, and no other abnormalities were found in the kidneys, ureter, bladder, and vertebral bodies. Diagnosis: Based on the physical examination and the CT urography results, the 23-year-old male was diagnosed with Pseudodiphallia. Intervention: Excessive penile tissue was resected, and a foreskin circumcision operation was performed under general anesthesia. Outcomes: The patient recovered smoothly without complications (no infection, hematoma, or wound dehiscence) after surgery. At 6 months follow-up, the patient was content with the external genitalia's appearance, and the urination and erectile function were normal. Lessons: Pseudodiphallia is a rare kind of diphallia, and this is the first report on pseudodiphallia with a bilateral extrarenal pelvis. CT urography can be used to assess the associated internal anomalies before surgery.