Re-expansion pulmonary edema after resection of cerebellar lesion in a patient with bronchial occupying lesion

Rationale: Re-expansion pulmonary edema (RPE) is a non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, and is secondary to pulmonary collapse caused due to various reasons. However, RPE is rarely encountered during non-thoracic surgeries and is associated with much higher risk than that occurring in thoracic surgeries. Patient concerns: Herein we have reported a case report of a 55-years-old male patient. Preoperative examination indicated occupying lesions in the bronchus and cerebellar hemisphere. Under general anesthesia, the patient received resection of cerebellar lesion and developed acute atelectasis, and RPE occurred when cannulation was withdrawn after re-expansion. Supportive and symptomatic treatment was given to the patient for recovery well. Diagnosis: RPE. Interventions: The trachea was cannulated and connected to a ventilator for assisted ventilation. The patient was also given symptomatic treatment including nebulization, diuresis, and anti-inflammation. Outcomes: The patient recovered well and was discharged on day 8 after surgery. Lessons: Patients with occupying lesions of the airway should undergo bronchoscopy to determine the location, size, and distance of the lesion from the incisors. The anesthesiologists should determine appropriate anesthetic regimens according to the examination results to avoid acute atelectasis and postoperative pulmonary edema.