Open AccessAssociation of exposure level to passive smoking with hypertension among lifetime nonsmokers in Japan: a cross-sectional study
Author(s) -
Takashi Tamura,
Yuka Kadomatsu,
Mineko Tsukamoto,
Rieko Okada,
Tae Sasakabe,
Shinya Kawai,
Asahi Hishida,
Megumi Hara,
Keitaro Tanaka,
Ippei Shimoshikiryo,
Toshiro Takezaki,
Ichiro Watanabe,
Daisuke Matsui,
Takeshi Nishiyama,
Sadao Suzuki,
Kaori Endoh,
Kiyonori Kuriki,
Yoshikuni Kita,
Sakurako KatsuuraKamano,
Kokichi Arisawa,
Hiroaki Ikezaki,
Norihiro Furusyo,
Yuriko N. Koyanagi,
Isao Oze,
Yohko Nakamura,
Haruo Mikami,
Mariko Naito,
Kenji Wakai
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.59
H-Index - 148
eISSN - 1536-5964
pISSN - 0025-7974
DOI - 10.1097/md.0000000000013241
Subject(s) - medicine , odds ratio , confidence interval , blood pressure , confounding , cross sectional study , passive smoking , logistic regression , masked hypertension , cohort study , cohort , demography , environmental health , ambulatory blood pressure , pathology , sociology
Brief exposure to passive smoking immediately elevates blood pressure. However, little is known about the association between exposure to passive smoking and chronic hypertension. We aimed to examine this association in a cross-sectional study, after controlling multiple potential confounders. Participants included 32,098 lifetime nonsmokers (7,216 men and 24,882 women) enrolled in the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study. Passive smoking was assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. The single question about exposure to passive smoking had five response options: “sometimes or almost never,” “almost every day, 2 hours/day or less,” “almost every day, 2 to 4 hours/day,” “almost every day, 4 to 6 hours/day,” and “almost every day, 6 hours/day or longer.” Hypertension was defined as any of the following: systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, or use of antihypertensive medication. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for hypertension were estimated by exposure level to passive smoking using unconditional logistic regression models. The multivariate-adjusted OR for hypertension in those exposed almost every day was 1.11 (95% CI: 1.03–1.20) compared with those exposed sometimes or almost never. The OR for a 1-hour per day increase in exposure was 1.03 (95% CI: 1.01–1.06, P for trend = .006). This association was stronger in men than in women; the ORs were 1.08 (95% CI: 1.01–1.15, P for trend = .036) and 1.03 (95% CI: 1.00–1.05, P for trend = .055), respectively. Our findings suggest importance of tobacco smoke control for preventing hypertension.