Exposure of Prebiopsy Antibiotics Influence Bacteriological Diagnosis and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Infectious Spondylitis

The benefit of prebiopsy empirical antibiotics for patients with infectious spondylitis and the effect on clinical outcome are not well known. This study assessed the impact of prebiopsy empirical antibiotics in patients with infectious spondylitis. We retrospectively reviewed 41 adult in-patients with infectious spondylitis who received percutaneous endoscopic debridement and drainage (PEDD) at a tertiary care hospital from August 2002 to August 2012. The average patient age was 55.2 years old and causative bacteria were identified in 32 out of 41 biopsy specimens (78.0%) via the PEDD procedure, which has good diagnostic efficacy comparable to open biopsy. Seventeen patients (41.5%) received prebiopsy empirical antimicrobial therapy, and these patients were less likely to have positive cultures than those who did not receive preoperative antibiotics (64.7% vs 87.5%, P  = 0.04). Patients with positive cultures had a better infection control rate (78.1% vs 67.7%) and were less likely to undergo subsequent open surgery. Patients given preoperative antibiotics were more likely to need subsequent open surgery (35.3% vs 16.7%, P  = 0.02). From multivariate logistic analysis showed age at diagnosis to be an independent risk factor for the need of further surgery. There were no major complications following the PEDD procedure, except 2 patients had transient paresthesia in the affected lumbar segments. Prebiopsy empirical antibiotic therapy was associated with lower positive culture rate and an increased need for subsequent open surgery. Patients with positive cultures were more likely to have initially adequate treatment, better infection control, and better clinical outcome.