Open AccessEmergence of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lymphadenitis in Children After the Discontinuation of Mandatory Bacillus Calmette and GuÉrin Immunization in France
Author(s) -
Adèle Lacroix,
Caroline Piau,
Philippe Lanotte,
Anne Carricajo,
A. Guillouzouic,
Olivia Peuchant,
Anne Cady,
Clarisse Dupin,
Marie-Sarah Fangous,
C. Martin,
Marie-Estelle Cariou,
Florence Le Gall,
Pascale Bémer,
Pierre Tattevin
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
the pediatric infectious disease journal/the pediatric infectious disease journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.028
H-Index - 140
eISSN - 1532-0987
pISSN - 0891-3668
DOI - 10.1097/inf.0000000000001977
Subject(s) - discontinuation , medicine , nontuberculous mycobacteria , mycobacterium , antimycobacterial , mycobacterium bovis , immunization , incidence (geometry) , bacillus (shape) , tuberculosis , mycobacterium tuberculosis , microbiology and biotechnology , pediatrics , dermatology , immunology , pathology , biology , antibody , physics , optics
Eighty-five children were diagnosed with culture-confirmed nontuberculous mycobacterial cervical lymphadenitis within the MYCOMED surveillance network from 2004 to 2013. The mean incidence sharply increased from 0.57 to 3.7 per 100,000 children per year, after the discontinuation of mandatory bacillus Calmette and Guérin immunization in 2007. Cases were documented as Mycobacterium avium (62.3%), Mycobacterium intracellulare (15.3%) and Mycobacterium lentiflavum (12.9%). Outcome was favorable in all, with or without surgery or antimycobacterial treatment.