Open Access“Go”, “No Go,” or “Where to Go”; does microbiota dictate T cell exhaustion, programming, and HIV persistence?
Author(s) -
Sudhanshu Shukla,
Sangeeta Kumari,
Saswat Kumar Bal,
Daniela C. Mónaco,
Susan Pereira Ribeiro,
RafickPierre Sékaly,
Ashish Sharma
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
current opinion in hiv and aids
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1746-6318
pISSN - 1746-630X
DOI - 10.1097/coh.0000000000000692
Subject(s) - immune system , biology , dysbiosis , effector , immunology , microbiome , t cell , acquired immune system , gut flora , microbiology and biotechnology , bioinformatics
People living with HIV who fail to fully reconstitute CD4+T cells after combination antiretroviral therapy therapy (i.e. immune nonresponders or INRs) have higher frequencies of exhausted T cells are enriched in a small pool of memory T cells where HIV persists and have an abundance of plasma metabolites of bacterial and host origins. Here, we review the current understanding of critical features of T cell exhaustion associated with HIV persistence; we propose to develop novel strategies to reinvigorate the effector function of exhausted T cells with the aim of purging the HIV reservoir.