Open AccessMechanisms of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors and strategies to reverse drug resistance in lung cancer
Author(s) -
Fangfei Qian,
Baohui Han
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
chinese medical journal/chinese medical journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.537
H-Index - 63
eISSN - 2542-5641
pISSN - 0366-6999
DOI - 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001124
Subject(s) - immune checkpoint , cytotoxic t cell , immune system , tumor microenvironment , antigen , antigen presentation , cancer research , lung cancer , medicine , drug resistance , immunology , cancer , immunotherapy , biology , t cell , oncology , in vitro , genetics
In recent years, the research of immune checkpoint inhibitors has made a great breakthrough in lung cancer treatment. Currently, a variety of immune checkpoint inhibitors have been applied into clinical practice, including antibodies targeting the programmed cell death-1, programmed cell death-ligand 1, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4, and so on. However, not all patients can benefit from the treatment. Abnormal antigen presentation, functional gene mutation, tumor microenvironment, and other factors can lead to primary or secondary resistance. In this paper, we reviewed the molecular mechanism of immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance and various combination strategies to overcome resistance, in order to expand the beneficial population and enable precision medicine.