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Fluorescent Retrograde Axonal Tracing of the Facial Nerve
Author(s) -
O'Malley Matthew R.,
Wittkopf Justin E.,
Cutler Jeffrey L.,
Labadie Robert F.,
Hackett Troy A.,
Haynes David S.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
the laryngoscope
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.181
H-Index - 148
eISSN - 1531-4995
pISSN - 0023-852X
DOI - 10.1097/01.mlg.0000231344.92917.9c
Subject(s) - medicine , facial nerve , anatomy , dissection (medical) , cholera toxin , axon , fluorescence , in vivo , facial weakness , pathology , weakness , biology , physics , microbiology and biotechnology , quantum mechanics
Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate retrograde fluorescent axonal labeling of motor nerves as an aid to surgical dissection in otolaryngology–head and neck surgery. Methods: Cholera toxin B subunit conjugated to a fluorescent dye was injected into the facial musculature of New Zealand white rabbits. At variable time points after injection, the facial nerves were harvested and analyzed for fluorescence in the peripheral axon. Results: All injected animals demonstrated axonal fluorescence. No animal demonstrated facial weakness. Fluorescence was detected a maximum of 20 mm from the distal end of the nerve. Time periods greater than 48 hours did not substantially increase transport distance. Conclusions: Cholera toxin B subunit fluorescent conjugates, when administered intramuscularly, reliably label the distal portion of the facial nerve. In vivo labeling of a motor nerve may have significant potential for identifying a nerve in surgery. This work represents a preliminary investigation into the adaptation of in vivo fluorescence techniques as an aid to surgical dissection. Further research to refine this technique should be supported.