Open AccessMaternal Smoking and the Risk of Orofacial Clefts
Author(s) -
Edward J. Lammer,
Gary M. Shaw,
David M. Iovannisci,
Janée van Waes,
Richard H. Finnell
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
epidemiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.901
H-Index - 173
eISSN - 1531-5487
pISSN - 1044-3983
DOI - 10.1097/01.ede.0000112214.33432.cc
Subject(s) - odds ratio , medicine , pregnancy , genotype , confidence interval , tobacco smoke , fetus , case control study , population , obstetrics , physiology , genetics , biology , gene , environmental health
Orofacial clefts are etiologically heterogeneous malformations. One probable cause is maternal smoking during pregnancy. The effect of maternal smoking may be modified by genes involved in biotransformation of toxic compounds derived from tobacco. We investigated whether polymorphic variants of fetal acetyl-N-transferases 1 (NAT1) and 2 (NAT2) interact with maternal cigarette smoking during early pregnancy to increase the risk of delivering an infant with an orofacial cleft.