Open AccessPassive Stiffness of the Lumber Torso in Flexion, Extension, Lateral Bending, and Axial Roatation
Author(s) -
Stuart M. McGill,
John Seguin,
G. W. Bennett
Publication year - 1994
Publication title -
spine (philadelphia, pa. 1976)/spine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.657
H-Index - 254
eISSN - 1528-1159
pISSN - 0362-2436
DOI - 10.1097/00007632-199403001-00009
Subject(s) - torso , bending , bending stiffness , medicine , stiffness , trunk , structural engineering , rotation (mathematics) , work (physics) , anatomy , biomechanics , geometry , mathematics , mechanical engineering , engineering , ecology , biology
This work investigated the passive bending properties of the intact human torso about its three principal axes of flexion: extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation. Additionally, the effects of wearing an abdominal belt and holding the breath (full inhalation) on trunk stiffness was investigated. The torsos of 22 males and 15 females were subjected to bending moments while "floating" in a frictionless jig with isolated torso bending measured with a magnetic device. Belts and breath holding appear to stiffen the torso about the lateral bending and axial rotation axes but not in flexion or extension. Torsos are stiffer in lateral bending and capable of storing greater elastic energy. Regression equations were formulated to define stiffness and energy stored for input to biomechanical models that examine low back function and for bioengineers designing hardware for stabilization and bracing or investigation of traumatic events such as automobile collision.