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Airway Protection and the Laryngeal Mask Airway in Sinus and Nasal Surgery
Author(s) -
Kaplan Andrew,
Crosby Gregory J.,
Bhattacharyya Neil
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
the laryngoscope
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.181
H-Index - 148
eISSN - 1531-4995
pISSN - 0023-852X
DOI - 10.1097/00005537-200404000-00010
Subject(s) - medicine , airway , glottis , anesthesia , laryngeal mask airway , airway management , surgery , larynx
Objectives/Hypothesis The objective was to compare the laryngeal mask airway and endotracheal tube for airway protection from blood during sinonasal surgery. Study Design Nonrandomized, controlled, prospective clinical trial. Methods Patients scheduled to undergo sinonasal surgery (septoplasty and/or endoscopic sinus surgery) were prospectively enrolled and grouped according to type of airway during general anesthesia with choice of airway device based on the anesthesiologist's preference. Clinical data were tabulated by case including airway device, patient age, weight, estimated blood loss, airway pop‐off pressure, and emergence quality. At the conclusion of surgery, the airway was examined through the laryngeal mask airway or endotracheal tube with a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope to determine the amount of blood present on the vocal cords or in the trachea. The airway device was also evaluated postoperatively for the presence of blood. Results Seventy‐six adult patients were initially enrolled; two were excluded because fiberoptic evaluation of the airway could not be completed. Of the remaining 74 patients, an endotracheal tube and laryngeal mask airway were used in 31 and 43 patients, respectively. The two groups did not differ with respect to age, weight, estimated blood loss during surgery, pop‐off pressure, or emergence quality (all P > .05). Patients managed with an laryngeal mask airway were significantly less likely to have blood staining the airway (glottis or trachea) than patients with an endotracheal tube (19.5% vs. 84.8%, χ 2 test [ P < .001]). However, the endotracheal tube provided better protection than the laryngeal mask airway against distal tracheal blood contamination (3.2% vs. 14.6%, respectively [ P = .110]). Conclusion The laryngeal mask airway provides better protection of the upper airway from blood contamination during sinonasal surgery than a standard endotracheal tube, but there is a higher incidence of distal tracheal contamination. The laryngeal mask airway is a reasonable alternative to endotracheal intubation for airway management in sinonasal surgery.