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Unified nexus of macrophages and maresins in cardiac reparative mechanisms
Author(s) -
Jadapalli Jeevan Kumar,
Halade Ganesh V.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fj.201800254r
Subject(s) - inflammation , microbiology and biotechnology , macrophage , regeneration (biology) , innate immune system , phagocytosis , immunology , immune system , biology , chemistry , in vitro , biochemistry
Macrophages are immune‐sensing “big eater” phagocytic cells responsible for an innate, adaptive, and regenerative response. After myocardial infarction, macrophages predominantly clear the deceased cardiomyocyte apoptotic or necrotic neutrophils to develop a regenerative and reparative program with the activation of the lipoxygenase‐mediated maresin (MaR) metabolome at the site of ischemic injury. The specialized proresolving molecule and macrophage mediator in resolving inflammation, MaR‐1, produced by human macrophages, has potent defining effects that limit polymorphonuclear neutrophil infiltration, enhance uptake of apoptotic PMNs, regulate inflammation resolution and tissue regeneration, and reduce pain. In addition to proresolving and antiinflammatory actions, MaR‐1 displays potent tissue regenerative effects in stroke and is an antinociceptive. Macrophages actively participate in the biosynthesis of bioactive MaR‐2, which exhibits anti‐inflammatory, proresolving, and atherosclerotic effects. A new class of macrophage‐derived molecules, MaR conjugates in tissue regeneration, is identified that regulates phagocytosis and the repair and regeneration of damaged tissue. The presented review provides a current summary of the effect of MaR in resolution pathophysiology, with relevance to a cardiac repair program.—Jadapalli, J. K., Halade, G. V. Unified nexus of macrophages and maresins in cardiac reparative mechanisms. FASEB J. 32, 5227–5237 (2018). www.fasebj.org