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Vanillic acid attenuates obesity via activation of the AMPK pathway and thermogenic factors in vivo and in vitro
Author(s) -
Jung Yunu,
Park Jinbong,
Kim HyeLin,
Sim JungEun,
Youn DongHyun,
Kang JongWook,
Lim Seona,
Jeong MiYoung,
Yang Woong Mo,
Lee SeokGeun,
Ahn Kwang Seok,
Um JaeYoung
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fj.201700231rr
Subject(s) - ampk , thermogenesis , endocrinology , medicine , chemistry , coactivator , adipose tissue , adipogenesis , white adipose tissue , brown adipose tissue , peroxisome proliferator activated receptor , in vivo , biology , receptor , transcription factor , biochemistry , protein kinase a , kinase , microbiology and biotechnology , gene
Energy expenditure is a target gaining recent interest for obesity treatment. The antiobesity effect of vanillic acid (VA), a well‐known flavoring agent, was investigated in vivo and in vitro . High‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obese mice and genetically obese db/db mice showed significantly decreased body weights after VA administration. Two major adipogenic markers, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer‐ binding protein α(C/EBPα), were reduced while the key factor of energy metabolism, AMPKα, was increased in the white adipose tissue and liver tissue of VA‐treated mice. Furthermore, VA inhibited lipid accumulation and reduced hepatotoxic/inflammatory markers in liver tissues of mice and HepG2 hepatocytes. VA treatment also decreased differentiation of 3T3‐L1 adipocytes by regulating adipogenic factors including PPARγand C/EBPα. AMPKαsmall interfering RNA was used to examine whether AMPK was associated with the actions of VA. In AMPKα‐nulled 3T3‐ L1 cells, the inhibitory action of VA on PPARγand C/EBPα was attenuated. Furthermore, in brown adipose tissues of mice and primary cultured brown adipocytes, VA increased mitochondria‐ and thermogenesis‐related factors such as uncoupling protein 1 and PPARγ‐coactivator 1‐α. Taken together, our results suggest that VA has potential as an AMPKα‐ and thermogenesis‐activating antiobesity agent.—Jung,Y.,Park,J.,Kim,H.‐L.,Sim, J.‐E.,Y oun,D.‐H.,Kang, J., Lim, S., Jeong, M.‐Y., Yang, W. M., Lee, S.‐G., Ahn, K. S., Um, J.‐Y. Vanillic acid attenuates obesity via activation of the AMPK pathway and thermogenic factors in vivo and in vitro . FASEB J. 32,1388‐1402 (2018). www.fasebj.org