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Robot‐assisted mechanical therapy attenuates stroke‐induced limb skeletal muscle injury
Author(s) -
Sen Chandan K.,
Khanna Savita,
Harris Hallie,
Stewart Richard,
Balch Maria,
Heigel Mallory,
Teplitsky Seth,
Gnyawali Surya,
Rink Cameron
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fj.201600437r
Subject(s) - medicine , stroke (engine) , skeletal muscle , hindlimb , physical medicine and rehabilitation , myokine , forelimb , gastrocnemius muscle , physical therapy , cardiology , anatomy , mechanical engineering , engineering
The efficacy and optimization of poststroke physical therapy paradigms is challenged in part by a lack of objective tools available to researchers for systematic preclinical testing. This work represents a maiden effort to develop a robot‐assisted mechanical therapy (RAMT) device to objectively address the significance of mechanical physiotherapy on poststroke outcomes. Wistar rats were subjected to right hemisphere middle‐cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion. After 24 h, rats were split into control (RAMT − )or RAMT + groups (30 min daily RAMT over the stroke‐affected gastrocnemius) and were followed up to poststroke d 14. RAMT + increased perfusion 1.5‐fold in stroke‐affected gastrocnemius as compared to RAMT − controls. Furthermore, RAMT + rats demonstrated improved poststroke track width (11% wider), stride length (21% longer), and travel distance (61% greater), as objectively measured using software‐automated testing platforms. Stroke injury acutely increased myostatin (3‐fold) and lowered brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression (0.6‐fold) in the stroke‐affected gastrocnemius, as compared to the contralateral one. RAMT attenuated the stroke‐induced increase in myostatin and increased BDNF expression in skeletal muscle. Additional RAMT‐sensitive myokine targets in skeletal muscle (IL‐1ra and IP‐10/CXCL10) were identified from a cytokine array. Taken together, outcomes suggest stroke acutely influences signal transduction in hindlimb skeletal muscle. Regimens based on mechanical therapy have the clear potential to protect hindlimb function from such adverse influence.—Sen, C. K., Khanna, S., Harris, H., Stewart, R., Balch, M., Heigel, M., Teplitsky, S., Gnyawali, S., Rink, C. Robot‐assisted mechanical therapy attenuates stroke‐induced limb skeletal muscle injury. FASEB J. 31, 927–936 (2017). www.fasebj.org