Premium
Who watches the watchmen? Regulation of the expression and activity of sirtuins
Author(s) -
Buler Marcin,
Andersson Ulf,
Hakkola Jukka
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fj.201600410rr
Subject(s) - sirtuin , sirt6 , sirtuin 1 , nad+ kinase , sirt2 , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , psychological repression , cell physiology , regulation of gene expression , microrna , regulator , gene expression , enzyme , biochemistry , cell , downregulation and upregulation , gene
Sirtuins (SIRT1–7) are a family of nicotine adenine dinucleotide (NAD + )‐dependent enzymes that catalyze post‐translational modifications of proteins. Together, they regulate crucial cellular functions and are traditionally associated with aging and longevity. Dysregulation of sirtuins plays an important role in major diseases, including cancer andmetabolic, cardiac, andneurodegerativediseases. Theyare extensivelyregulatedinresponse to a wide range of stimuli, including nutritional and metabolic challenges, inflammatory signals or hypoxic and oxidative stress. Each sirtuin is regulated individually in a tissue‐ and cell‐specific manner. The control of sirtuin expression involves all themajor points of regulation, including transcriptional and post‐translationalmechanisms and microRNAs. Collectively, these mechanisms control the protein levels, localization, and enzymatic activity of sirtuins. In many cases, the regulators of sirtuin expression are also their substrates, which lead to formation of intricate regulatory networks and extensive feedback loops. In this review, we highlight themechanismsmediating thephysiologic andpathologic regulation of sirtuin expressionandactivity. We alsodiscuss the consequences of this regulation on sirtuin function and cellular physiology.—Buler, M., Andersson, U., Hakkola, J. Who watches the watchmen? Regulation of the expression and activity of sirtuins. FASEB J. 30, 3942–3960 (2016). www.fasebj.org