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Cardiopulmonary function in two human disorders of the hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) pathway: von Hippel‐Lindau disease and HIF‐2α gain‐of‐function mutation
Author(s) -
Formenti Federico,
Beer Philip A.,
Croft Quentin P. P.,
Dorrington Keith L.,
Gale Daniel P.,
Lappin Terence R. J.,
Lucas Guy S.,
Maher Eamonn R.,
Maxwell Patrick H.,
McMullin Mary F.,
O'Connor David F.,
Percy Melanie J.,
Pugh Christopher W.,
Ratcliffe Peter J.,
Smith Thomas G.,
Talbot Nick P.,
Robbins Peter A.
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fj.10-177378
Subject(s) - hypoxia inducible factors , hypoxia (environmental) , phenotype , allele , endocrinology , medicine , biology , cancer research , genetics , chemistry , gene , oxygen , organic chemistry
The hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIFs; isoforms HIF‐1α, HIF‐2α, HIF‐3α) mediate many responses to hypoxia. Their regulation is principally by oxygen‐dependent degradation, which is initiated by hydroxylation of specific proline residues followed by binding of von Hippel‐Lindau (VHL) protein. Chuvash polycythe‐mia is a disorder with elevated HIF. It arises through germline homozygosity for hypomorphic VHL alleles and has a phenotype of hematological, cardiopulmonary, and metabolic abnormalities. This study explores the phenotype of two other HIF pathway diseases: classic VHL disease and HIF‐2α gain‐of‐function mutation. No cardiopulmonary abnormalities were detected in classic VHL disease. HIF‐2α gain‐of‐function mutations were associated with pulmonary hypertension, increased cardiac output, increased heart rate, and increased pulmonary ventilation relative to metabolism. Comparison of the HIF‐2α gain‐of‐function responses with data from studies of Chuvash polycythemia suggested that other aspects of the Chuvash phenotype were diminished or absent. In classic VHL disease, patients are germline heterozygous for mutations in VHL, and the present results suggest that a single wild‐type allele for VHL is sufficient to maintain normal cardiopulmonary function. The HIF‐2α gain‐of‐function phenotype may be more limited than the Chuvash phenotype either because HIF‐1α is not elevated in the former condition, or because other HIF‐independent functions of VHL are perturbed in Chuvash polycythemia.—Formenti, F., Beer, P. A., Croft, Q. P. P., Dorrington, K. L., Gale, D. P., Lappin, T. R J., Lucas, G. S., Maher, E. R, Maxwell, P. H., McMullin, M. F., O'Connor, D. F., Percy, M. J., Pugh, C. W., Ratcliffe, P. J., Smith, T. G., Talbot, N. P., Robbins, P. A. Cardiopulmonary function in two human disorders of the hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) pathway: von Hippel‐Lindau disease and HIF‐2α gain‐of‐function mutation. FASEB J. 25, 2001‐2011 (2011). www.fasebj.org