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Dual role of poly(ADP‐ribose) glycohydrolase in the regulation of cell death in oxidatively stressed A549 cells
Author(s) -
Erdélyi Katalin,
Bai Péter,
Kovács István,
Szabó Éva,
Mocsár Gábor,
Kakuk Annamária,
Szabó Csaba,
Gergely Pál,
Virág László
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fj.09-133264
Subject(s) - programmed cell death , apoptosis , a549 cell , poly adp ribose polymerase , chemistry , cell culture , parp1 , microbiology and biotechnology , clonogenic assay , hydrogen peroxide , biology , biochemistry , polymerase , enzyme , genetics
Activation of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 (PARP1) has been shown to mediate cell death induced by genotoxic stimuli. The role of poly(ADP‐ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG), the enzyme responsible for polymer degradation, has been largely unexplored in the regulation of cell death. Using lentiviral gene silencing we generated A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell lines with stably suppressed PARG and PARP1 expression (shPARG and shPARP1 cell lines, respectively) and determined parameters of apoptotic and necrotic cell death following hydrogen peroxide exposure. shPARG cells accumulated large amounts of poly(ADP‐ribosyl)ated proteins and exhibited reduced PARP activation. Hydrogen peroxide‐induced cell death is regulated by PARG in a dual fashion. Whereas the shPARG cell line (similarly to shPARP1 cells) was resistant to the necrotic effect of high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, these cells exhibited stronger apoptotic response. Both shPARP1 and especially shPARG cells displayed a delayed repair of DNA breaks and exhibited reduced clonogenic survival following hydrogen peroxide treatment. Translocation of apoptosis‐inducing factor could not be observed, but cells could be saved by methyl pyruvate and α‐ketoglutarate, indicating that energy failure may mediate cytotoxicity in our model. These data indicate that PARG is a survival factor at mild oxidative damage but contributes to the apoptosis‐necrosis switch in severely damaged cells.—Erdélyi, K., Bai, P., Kovács, I., Szabó, E., Mocsar, G., Kakuk, A., Szabó, C., Gergely, P., Virag, L. Dual role of poly(ADP‐ribose) glycohydrolase in the regulation of cell death in oxidatively stressed A549 cells. FASEB J . 23, 3553–3563 (2009). www.fasebj.org