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Microgravity during spaceflight directly affects in vitro osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption
Author(s) -
Tamma Roberto,
Colaianni Graziana,
Camerino Claudia,
Di Benedetto Adriana,
Greco Giovanni,
Strippoli Maurizio,
Vergari Rosaria,
Grano Antonella,
Mancini Lucia,
Mori Giorgio,
Colucci Silvia,
Grano Maria,
Zallone Alberta
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fj.08-127951
Subject(s) - spaceflight , osteoclast , resorption , bone resorption , weightlessness , chemistry , centrifuge , bioreactor , biomaterial , bone formation , in vitro , microbiology and biotechnology , bone remodeling , biophysics , biochemistry , endocrinology , biology , physics , organic chemistry , astronomy , nuclear physics , engineering , aerospace engineering
During space flight, severe losses of bone mass are observed. Both bone formation and resorption are probably involved, but their relative importance remains unclear. The purpose of this research is to understand the role of osteoclasts and their precursors in microgravity‐induced bone loss. Three experiments on isolated osteoclasts (OCs) and on their precursors, OSTEO, OCLAST, and PITS, were launched in the FOTON‐M3 mission. The OSTEO experiment was conducted for 10 d in microgravity within bioreactors with a perfusion system, where the differentiation of precursors, cultured on a synthetic 3‐dimensional bonelike biomaterial, skelite, toward mature OCs was assessed. In OCLAST and in PITS experiments, differentiated OCs were cultured on devitalized bovine bone slices for 4 d in microgravity. All of the experiments were replicated on ground in the same bioreactors, and OCLAST also had an inflight centrifuge as a control. Gene expression in microgravity, compared with ground controls, demonstrated a severalfold increase in genes involved in osteoclast maturation and activity. Increased bone resorption, proved by an increased amount of collagen telopeptides released VS ground and centrifuge control, was also found. These results indicate for the first time osteoclasts and their precursors as direct targets for microgravity and mechanical forces.— Tamma, R.,Colaianni, G., Camerino, C., Di Benedetto, A., Greco, G., Strippoli, M., Vergari, R., Grano, A., Mancini, L., Mori, G., Colucci, S., Grano, M., Zallone, A. Microgravity during spaceflight directly affects in vitro osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. FASEB J. 23, 2549–2554 (2009)