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Prevention and restoration of lactacystin‐induced nigrostriatal dopamine neuron degeneration by novel brain‐permeable iron chelators
Author(s) -
Zhu Wen,
Xie Wenjie,
Pan Tianhong,
Xu Pingyi,
Fridkin Mati,
Zheng Hailin,
Jankovic Joseph,
Youdim Moussa B. H.,
Le Weidong
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fj.07-8386com
Subject(s) - lactacystin , neuroprotection , substantia nigra , proteasome , pharmacology , proteasome inhibitor , dopamine , rasagiline , neuron , medial forebrain bundle , chemistry , parkinson's disease , medicine , neuroscience , endocrinology , dopaminergic , biology , biochemistry , disease
Dysfunction of the ubiquitin‐protea‐ some system (UPS) and accumulation of iron in substantia nigra (SN) are implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). UPS dysfunction and iron misregulation may reinforce each other's contribution to the degeneration of dopamine (DA) neurons. In the present study, we use a new brain‐permeable iron chelator, VK‐28 [5‐(4‐(2‐hydroxyethyl) piperazin‐1‐yl (methyl)‐8‐hydroxyquinoline], and its derivative M30 [5‐(N‐methyl‐N‐propargyaminomethyl)‐8‐hydroxyquino‐ line] in vivo to test their neuroprotective and neurorestorative properties against proteasome inhibitor (lactacystin) ‐induced nigrostriatal degeneration. Bilateral microinjections of lactacystin (1.25 μg/side) into the mouse medial forebrain bundle were performed. Administration of VK‐28 (5 mg/kg, once a day) or M30 (5 mg/kg, once a day) was applied intraperitoneally 7 days before or after the lactacystin microinjection until the mice were sacrificed 28 days after microinjection. We found that VK‐28 and M30 both significantly improved behavioral performances and attenuated lacta‐ cystin‐induced DA neuron loss, proteasomal inhibition, iron accumulation, and microglial activation in SN. In addition, M30 restored the Bcl‐2 level, which was suppressed after lactacystin injection. These findings suggest that brain‐permeable iron chelators can improve DA neuron survival under UPS impairment. Furthermore, M30, a derivative of VK‐28 and neuropro‐ tective agent rasagiline, may serve as a better neuropro‐ tective therapy for PD.— Zhu, W., Xie, W., Pan, T., Xu, P., Fridkin, M., Zheng, H., Jankovic, J., Youdim, M. B. H., Le, W. Prevention and restoration of lacta‐ cystin‐induced nigrostriatal dopamine neuron degeneration by novel brain‐permeable iron chelators. FASEB J . 21, 3835–3844 (2007)