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Bone marrow stem cells have the ability to populate the entire central nervous system into fully differentiated parenchymal microglia
Author(s) -
Simard Alain R.,
Rivest Serge
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fj.04-1517fje
Subject(s) - microglia , stem cell , bone marrow , biology , bone marrow stem cell , parenchyma , clinical uses of mesenchymal stem cells , adult stem cell , induced pluripotent stem cell , haematopoiesis , pathology , immune system , cellular differentiation , microbiology and biotechnology , immunology , medicine , inflammation , embryonic stem cell , biochemistry , gene
Pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into a variety of cell types during tissue development and regeneration. However, it is still unclear whether bone marrow‐derived stem cells can migrate across the blood‐brain barrier in many regions of the central nervous system (CNS) and if these cells can readily differentiate into functional parenchymal microglia. We thus studied the differentiation fate of bone marrow stem cells upon immigration into the CNS. To this end, we systemically transplanted stem cells that express green fluorescent protein (GFP) into lethally irradiated mice and found that these cells immigrated into the brain parenchyma of many regions of the CNS. Nearly all of the infiltrating cells had a highly ramified morphology and colocalized with the microglial marker iba 1. Moreover, these cells expressed high levels of the protein CD11c, indicating that microglia of bone marrow origin may be potent antigen presenting cells. These data suggest that microglia of blood origin could activate cells of the adaptive immune system and cause harm to the CNS. Therefore, these results may have great clinical relevance for both immune‐derived neuronal disorders and cancer patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem‐cell transplantation.