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Subviral pathogens of plants: viroids and viroidlike satellite RNAs
Author(s) -
Diener Theodor O.
Publication year - 1991
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.5.13.1717335
Subject(s) - rna , biology , satellite , helper virus , plant virus , virology , polymerase , genetics , virus , dna , gene , physics , astronomy
Contrary to earlier beliefs, viruses are not the smallest causative agents of infectious diseases. Single‐stranded RNAs as small as 246 nucleotides exist in certain higher plants and cause more than a dozen crop diseases. These RNAs have been termed viroids. Despite their extremely limited information content, viroids replicate autonomously in susceptible cells — that is, they do not require helper functions from simultaneously replicating conventional viruses. Viroids are covalently closed circular molecules with a characteristic rodlike secondary structure in which short helical regions are interrupted by internal and bulge loops. Viroids are not translated; they are replicated by a host enzyme (or enzymes) (probably RNA polymerase II) via oligomeric RNA intermediates by a rolling circle mechanism. Viroidlike satellite RNAs resemble viroids in size and molecular structure, but are found within the capsids of specific helper viruses on which they depend for their own replication. These RNAs are of great interest to molecular biology for at least two reasons: 1) they are the smallest and simplest replicating molecules known, and 2 ) they may represent living fossils of precellular evolution in a hypothetical RNA world.—Diener, T. O. Subviral pathogens of plants: viroids and viroidlike satellite RNAs. FASEB J. 5: 2808‐2813; 1991.