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Chemical Composition and In vitro Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Acetone Extract of Crinum jagus bulbs (Liliaceae) Linn
Author(s) -
Shorinwa Olusayo Aderonke,
Ebong Omotayo Oluranti,
Siminialayi Iyeopu Minakiri,
Obianime Atuboyedia Wolfe
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.lb634
Subject(s) - dpph , ascorbic acid , chemistry , phytochemical , antioxidant , flavonoid , tannin , quercetin , traditional medicine , polyphenol , food science , biochemistry , medicine
Objective Crinum jagus is popularly referred to as bush onions in Nigeria and is used for the treatment of various diseases in traditional medicine. Oxidative stress is a central pathogenic factor for chronic diseases. Fruits and vegetables have been shown to exert a protective effect against oxidative stress. The primary nutrients thought to provide the protection afforded by fruit and vegetables are the antioxidant phytochemical agents. Hence, this study investigated the in‐vitro antioxidant potential and chemical composition of the acetone extract of Crinum jagus bulbs. Methods The plant extract was screened for the presence of phytochemicals while the antioxidant activity was evaluated with 2, 2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl‐hydrazyl radical (DPPH) and nitric oxide free radical scavenging assay. Total antioxidant activity, total phenol and total flavonoid content were determined using a spectrophotometer. Isolation and characterization of the active principles were done using GC‐MS techniques. Results Preliminary phytochemical screening of the plant revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids and alkaloids. DPPH radical scavenging activity of the plant extract (IC50 value) was found to be 72μg/ml while that of the reference standard, ascorbic acid was 31μg/ml. Nitric oxide scavenging activity of extract was found to be 55μg/ml while that of ascorbic acid was 35μg/ml. The plant extract was found to have a tannin content of 194.1 ± 5.33mg/g (expressed as ascorbic acid equivalent), total flavonoids content (220 ± 0.19mg/g expressed as quercetin acid equivalent), tannin (259.6 ± 0.58mg/g expressed as tannin equivalent) and phenol content of 136.9 ± 0.29 mg/g gallic acid equivalent. The active principles were found to be bowdensine and demethoxybowdensine. Conclusion The potency of the extract is about 40% (two‐fifth) that of ascorbic acid against DPPH whereas potency of the extract is about 60% (two‐third) that of ascorbic acid for nitric acid inhibition. The findings of this study have shown that the plant possesses good anti‐oxidant activity comparable to the standard. Support or Funding Information Self funded