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Elemental and Lipophilic Analysis of Kashmir Saffron by ICP‐MS and GC‐MS and its in‐vivo Anti‐inflammatory Potential
Author(s) -
Madkhali Hassan Abdu,
Ganaie Majid Ahmad,
Jan Basit Latief,
Ahmad Ajaz,
Raish Mohammad Latief,
Ahamad Syed Rizwan
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.lb556
Subject(s) - chemistry , in vivo , derivatization , gas chromatography–mass spectrometry , pharmacology , chromatography , mass spectrometry , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , medicine
Saffron has been widely used worldwide and its health benefits have been recognized since ancient times. Recently, there has been renaissance in research to establish its beneficial properties and biological action mechanisms. Thus the aim of our study was to analyze the lipophilic and elemental content of Kashmir saffron and also study its effect in in‐vivo systemic inflammation. Lipophilic and elemental analysis was done by GC‐MS and ICP‐MS respectively and in‐vivo systemic inflammation was produced by administration of D‐GalN/LPS to Wistar rats. Lipophilic analysis was done by sequence of various steps viz extraction, methoxymation and derivatization by GC‐MS. This is a quick technique to identify and quantify lipophilic metabolites like fatty acids, fatty alcohols, sterols, sugars, higher alkanes, alkenes and flavonoids. Sugars like D‐Ribose, Xylitol, Ribopyranose and D‐fructose were present in higher amount as compared to fatty acids or higher alkanes. The elemental composition of saffron was analyzed by ICP‐MS and it is interesting to find out that Na, Ca, K, Mg, Sb and Al concentrations are high but within limits. Heavy metals like As, Ag, Ba, Cd, Cr, Mn, Mo, Se, U, V, Ni and Co are present in very low concentration. The administration of D‐GalN/LPS to rats produced an acute systemic injury manifested by a significant increase TNF‐α, compared to controls (p<0.05). However, pretreatment with saffron extract at 250 and 500 mg/kg doses ameliorated this injury as evident by a reduction TNF‐α in a dose‐dependent manner. In the current study we establish the complete lipophilic and elemental analysis of Kashmir saffron. The method used is very rapid, simple and reliable. Furthermore, our in‐vivo results suggest that saffron may be a promising option as either an alternative or an adjunctive therapy in disorders involving systemic inflammation.