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In vitro antidiabetic activities of dioecious White mulberry ( Morus alba, Moraceae )
Author(s) -
Basu Paramita,
Thallapareddy Charitha,
Maier Camelia
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.974.17
Subject(s) - moraceae , amylase , starch , postprandial , carbohydrate , biology , diabetes mellitus , medicine , enzyme , endocrinology , botany , food science , biochemistry
Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine and metabolic disorder resulting from defects in both regulations of insulin secretion and/or insulin action and is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and protein metabolism. Consumption of high‐carbohydrate diets is one of the causes for elevated postprandial hyperglycemia leading to the development of type 2 diabetes. The inhibition of intestinal α‐glucosidase, which digests disaccharides and starch, and α‐amylase, which breaks down starch and glycogen, has been associated with preventing carbohydrate digestion to absorbable glucose. Leaves of White mulberry ( Morus alba, Moraceae ) have been used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes. In the present study, ethanol extracts from both leaves and stems collected in spring and fall were evaluated for their α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibitory activities. All extracts (10 mg/ml), with the exception of the fall female stem extract, inhibited both α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase activities by at least 50%. The highest in vitro α‐amylase inhibitory activities were displayed by spring male and female leaf extracts (10 mg/ml) which inhibited the enzyme activity by 69% and 67%, respectively. The in vitro α‐amylase inhibitory activities of the other extracts (10 mg/ml) ranked as follows: fall female stem (65%) and spring female stem (62%) > fall male leaf (60%) > spring male stem (54%) > fall male stem (50%) and fall female leaf (49%). The highest α‐glucosidase inhibitory activities were displayed by fall female leaf, fall male leaf, and spring male leaf extracts which inhibited the enzyme activity by 86%, 84%, and 82%, respectively. The α‐glucosidase inhibitory activities of other extracts ranked as follows: fall male stem (72%) > spring female leaf (59%), spring male stem (55%), and spring female stem (50%) > fall female stem (41%). The most potent α‐amylase inhibitory IC 50 value was displayed by fall female stem (IC 50 2.56 mg/ml) and spring male and female leaf (IC 50 2.43 mg/ml) extracts. The α‐amylase inhibitory IC 50 values for the other extracts ranged from 3.03– 10.85 mg/ml. The most potent α‐glucosidase inhibitory IC 50 value was displayed by spring male leaf extract (IC 50 2.13 mg/ml). The α‐glucosidase inhibitory IC 50 values for other extracts ranged from 5.3–7.57 mg/ml. In general, spring extracts showed significantly higher α‐amylase inhibitory activity as compared to the fall extracts, whereas for α‐glucosidase, fall extracts showed significantly higher inhibitory activity as compared to spring extracts. Both spring and fall male and female leaf extracts are more potent at inhibiting the activities of α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase than the corresponding stem extracts. The results of this study showed that growing season and gender of mulberry specimens could influence their antidiabetic properties and could be used in formulating more potent antidiabetic dietary supplements.