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Anti‐Inflammatory Effects Of Tart Cherry Polyphenols In RANKL‐Stimulated RAW 264.7 Murine Macrophages
Author(s) -
Thomas Amber,
South Sanique,
Lucero Jacquelynn,
Prasad Chandan,
Imrhan Victorine,
Vijayagopal Parakat,
Juma Shanil
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.972.14
Subject(s) - rankl , osteoclast , chemistry , osteoprotegerin , bone resorption , tumor necrosis factor alpha , endocrinology , medicine , acid phosphatase , inflammation , bone remodeling , receptor , biochemistry , activator (genetics) , biology , enzyme
Bone is maintained by an intricate balance between bone formation and bone resorption. The cells that participate in the breakdown of bone, osteoclasts, require stimulation by RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand), a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. The presence of inflammation can contribute to an imbalance in bone homestasis by enhancing osteoclastogenesis. Polyphenols such as flavonoids found in plant‐derived foods have been shown to have anti‐inflammatory effects in various tissues. Tart cherries are a rich source of such polyphenolic compounds. Using mouse macrophage cells (RAW 264.7), we examined whether tart cherry polyphenols (TCP) could dose‐dependently inhibit the differentiation and activity of RANKL‐induced osteoclastic cells under inflammatory conditions. Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and staining of TRAP positive multinucleated osteoclasts, used as indicators of osteoclast differentiation and activity, decreased in a dose‐dependent manner with TCP treatment. A significant increase of nitrite, cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), interleukin 1‐beta (IL‐1β), and bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) concentrations were observed with lower dosages of TCP (50 and 100 μg/ml media). However, at higher doses (200 and 300 μg/ml media) TCP decreased concentrations of these markers demonstrating an anti‐inflammatory role. TCP treatment reduced osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression in a dose‐dependent manner, likely indicating a decrease in osteoclastic activity. Preliminary western blot analyses showed a dose‐dependent reduction in expression of COX‐2 protein. Overall, these findings suggest that tart cherry polyphenols would inhibit the negative effects of osteoclasts on bone health during inflammation. Further investigation is warranted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which TCP affect osteoclastogenesis under inflammatory conditions. Support or Funding Information Partially Supported by Human Nutrition Fund at Texas Woman's University