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Postprandial Inflammation and Coagulation Responses to High‐Fat Meals rich in Saturated Fatty Acids
Author(s) -
Kaviani Sepideh,
Stevenson Jada L.,
Paton Chad M,
Cooper Jamie A
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.971.23
Subject(s) - postprandial , meal , medicine , saturated fat , food science , endocrinology , chemistry , cholesterol , insulin
Objective It has been largely shown that high‐fat meals are pro‐thrombotic and pro‐inflammatory in animal models, especially high‐fat meals rich in saturated fatty acids (SFAs). However, there is little evidence to support a clearly defined impact of a high‐fat meal on postprandial increases in fibrinolytic and inflammatory markers in healthy normal weight humans. Purpose To test whether high‐fat meal consumption that is rich in SFAs leads to increases in markers of inflammation (Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF‐α)) and coagulation (Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1)) in normal weight adult men and women. Methods Twenty‐five sedentary (perform < 3h/week of structured exercise), normal weight (BMI=18–24.9 kg/m 2 ) adult men and women between the ages of 18–35 years were recruited for the study (13 men and 12 women). Prior to the meal challenge visit, all participants consumed a 3‐day lead‐in diet (50% carbohydrate, 35% fat, 15% protein) that was provided by research personnel. No other food or drink was permitted during the lead‐in diet period, and all diets were designed to keep subjects in energy balance. On the day of testing, participants were given 2 high‐fat meals rich in SFAs for breakfast and lunch. Each liquid meal contained Ensure ® , butter, coconut oil and palm oil so that 70% of total energy was derived from fat with 45% of total energy being SFAs. Blood draws were taken at fasting, 2h and 4h post breakfast, and 2h and 4h post lunch. To look at coagulation potential, PAI‐1 was measured at all 5 time‐points of blood collection, and to study inflammation, TNF‐α was measured at the fasting and 2h postprandial time‐points. Results There was no significant change in PAI‐1 from fasting to postprandial time‐points (35.06±5.86ng/mL to 30.11±5.39ng/mL for fasting and postprandial values, respectively; ns). Additionally, there was no change in TNF‐α from fasting to 2h postprandial (1.60±0.51pg/mL to 1.10±0.52pg/mL (log transformed) for fasting and postprandial values, respectively; ns). When analyzed by sex, women had significantly lower fasting TNF‐α levels than men (0.84±0.57pg/mL and 2.29±0.81pg/mL for women and men, respectively; p=0.02) but there was no difference in the postprandial TNF‐α response between sexes. Additionally, there was no difference between men and women for fasting or postprandial PAI‐1 concentrations. Finally, a correlation analysis between fasting PAI‐1 and TNF‐α values showed a significant positive relationship (R 2 =0.19, p=0.03); however, no relationship was found with postprandial PAI‐1 and TNF‐α concentrations (R 2 =0.02, ns). Conclusion Two SFA‐rich, high‐fat meals did not lead to changes in select markers of coagulation or inflammation in either normal weight men or women. Support or Funding Information This research project has been funded by the California Walnut Commission.