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Dietary Prebiotics and Arachidonic Acid Alter Intestinal Phospholipid Composition and Time‐Dependently Change Fecal Microbiome in Formula‐Fed Piglets
Author(s) -
Thorpe Makenzie K,
Xi Lin,
Maltecca Christian,
Walters Kathleen R.,
Smith Andrew,
Odle Jack,
Jacobi Sheila K.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.968.11
Subject(s) - microbiome , arachidonic acid , biology , feces , bacteroidetes , food science , polyunsaturated fatty acid , prebiotic , polydextrose , intestinal microbiome , fatty acid , microbiology and biotechnology , biochemistry , 16s ribosomal rna , bioinformatics , gene , enzyme
Establishment of a homeostatic gut microbiome early in life could have long term outcomes for health of adults. Neonatal nutrition plays a critical role in establishment of the gut microbiome. Milk oligosaccharides (MO) serve as nutrients involved in establishing the gut microbiome, and long‐chain PUFA (LCPUFA) may be involved in modulation of microbiome but are critically important in neonatal development. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of supplemental LCPUFA and prebiotics on establishment of the intestinal microbiome in early life. Day‐old pigs were randomized among 4 diets (0.5% arachidonic acid (ARA; control); 4g/L galactooligosaccharide + 4 g/L polydextrose (PRE); 2.5% ARA, and PRE+ARA; n=24 per group) and fed 3 times per d for 21 d. Fecal swabs were collected weekly and microbiome analysis was performed via 16S rDNA Illumina sequencing. Pigs were euthanized on d22 and fatty acid composition of colonic mucosa was analyzed via GC‐MS. Diet did not affect growth. Microbial taxa significantly changed from d0 to 21 in a diet dependent manner with diets containing prebiotics clustering together by d7 post‐feeding and becoming more closely associated with longer feeding times (P<0.05). Specifically, an increase in bacterial taxa belonging to the phyla Bacteroidetes was observed (P<0.05). Colonic mucosal ARA% (w/w) increased from 3.83 in controls to 6.67 in pigs fed diets enriched in ARA (P < .001), with reciprocal reductions in linoleate concentration. Dietary prebiotics increased ARA and linoleate concentration but reduced stearate concentration in colonic mucosa P<.002). In conclusion supplementation of formula with prebiotics significantly shifts microbial taxa from d7 to d21 of age and also altered colonic fatty acid composition. Dietary LCPUFA (arachidonic acid) has minimal impact on microbial taxa but predictably enriched colonic mucosa in ARA. Support or Funding Information This project was supported by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2014‐67017‐21750 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture.