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A Diet Defined by its Content of Bovine Milk Exosomes Alters the Composition of the Intestinal Microbiome in C57BL/6 Mice
Author(s) -
Zhou Fang,
Paz Henry A.,
Sadri Mahrou,
Fernando Samodha C.,
Zempleni Janos
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.965.24
Subject(s) - microvesicles , biology , clostridia , microbiome , clostridiales , exosome , gut flora , transcriptome , bioavailability , food science , andrology , microbiology and biotechnology , gene , gene expression , biochemistry , genetics , 16s ribosomal rna , microrna , bacteria , bioinformatics , medicine
Background Exosomes play essential roles in cell‐to‐cell communication. Exosomes and their cargos such as proteins, lipids, and RNAs alter gene expression and metabolism in recipient cells. In previous studies we demonstrated that exosomes are not solely obtained by endogenous synthesis, but that dietary exosomes and their cargos are also bioavailable in non‐bovine species. We further demonstrated that the bioavailability of milk exosomes is less than 100%. Hypothesis Dietary intake of exosomes from bovine milk causes changes in the composition of the gut microbiota in mice. Methods C57BL/6 mice, age 3 weeks, were fed an exosome‐depleted (E‐) AIN93G‐based diet for up to 42 weeks; controls were fed an exosome‐sufficient (E+) diet. At timed intervals (age 7, 15, 45 weeks), cohorts of mice were euthanized and colon content was flash frozen in liquid nitrogen for subsequent analysis of gut microbiota by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V4 region using Illumina's MiSeq platform. Microbial sequences were clustered into Operational taxonomic Units (OTUs). Non‐parametric test was used for statistical analysis. Results Depending on sex and age, total 51 OTUs were differentially abundant between treatment groups; See Fig. 1. for a heat map of the top 18 OTUs (P<0.05 for age 15 and 45 weeks). For example, the relative abundance of Firmicute classes Clostridia (Ruminococcaceae) and Verrucomicrobia classes Verrucomicrobiae (Muciniphila) were greater in mice fed E‐compared with E+ at age 15 weeks, whereas the relative abundance of Firmicute classes Clostridia (Clostridiales) was smaller in mice fed E‐ compared with E+ at age 45 weeks. Conclusions Consumption of a diet depleted of bovine milk exosomes alters certain microbial taxa in the gut microbiome in mice. Future plans Determine whether milk exosomes affect the gut bacterial ecosystem at the functional level and accounts for changes in the host transcriptome and metabolome. Support or Funding Information NIFA 2015‐67017‐23181, NIFA 2016‐67001‐25301/NIH DK107264, NIH 1P20GM104320, the Gerber Foundation, and USDA Hatch Act and W3002.