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The differential immunomodulatory activities of arginine, citrulline, and glutamine on leukocytes and splenocytes in rats with hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation
Author(s) -
Lo Huichen,
Li YuXiu,
Lee ChienHsing
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.964.2
Subject(s) - citrulline , glutamine , splenocyte , arginine , medicine , endocrinology , immune system , nitric oxide , tumor necrosis factor alpha , spleen , chemistry , immunology , biochemistry , amino acid
In hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (HSR), depressed cell‐mediated immune function and exacerbated innate immune response, such as neutrophil oxidative burst activity, have been reported. The use of enteral immunonutrients, such as glutamine and arginine, has been found to result in lower multiple organ failure in trauma patients. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of continuous infusion of arginine, citrulline, and glutamine on systemic and local immune response in HSR. Male SD rats underwent hemorrhagic shock (mean blood pressure ~40 mm Hg for 60 min) were resuscitated with shed blood and equal volume of lactated Ringer's (LR) solution with or without arginine, citrulline, or glutamine followed by continuously infused with LR solutions and treatment for 20 h. In HSR rats, the increased circulating neutrophil activity was significantly alleviated by arginine, citrulline, and glutamine, the decreased splenocyte numbers were reversed by arginine, and the increased macrophage percentages in the spleen were attenuated by citrulline and glutamine. In addition, arginine significantly increased plasma nitrate/nitrite and phagocytotic activity of leukocytes and significantly decreased T‐helper splenocytes; citrulline significantly increased B‐leukocytes and decreased plasma interleukin‐4 and tumor‐necrosis factor (TNF)‐α; and both citrulline and glutamine significantly decreased TNF‐α production of splenocytes and interferon‐γ production of T‐splenocytes. Moreover, glutamine significantly increased T‐helper cells and phagocytotic activity in the blood and the granulocyte percentages, phagocytotic activity, and proliferations of T cells and macrophages in the spleen. Taken together, continuous infusion of arginine, citrulline, or glutamine may have potentials to alleviate systemic oxidative burst from neutrophils and infusion of citrulline or glutamine may alleviate the splenocytic pro‐inflammatory and cell‐mediated immune responses in HSR rats. Glutamine, not arginine or citrulline may elevate the innate immune response in the spleen in HSR. Support or Funding Information NSC 101‐2320‐B‐030‐010