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Associations of Maternal Omega‐3 and Omega‐6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake During Pregnancy and Offspring Adiposity and Metabolic Risk During Peripuberty
Author(s) -
Alhinai Maymona
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.958.6
Subject(s) - offspring , docosahexaenoic acid , polyunsaturated fatty acid , pregnancy , eicosapentaenoic acid , arachidonic acid , medicine , docosapentaenoic acid , endocrinology , adiponectin , linoleic acid , waist , leptin , body mass index , fatty acid , physiology , chemistry , biology , obesity , biochemistry , insulin resistance , genetics , enzyme
Objective To investigate relations of maternal intake of omega‐3 (N‐3) and omega‐6 (N‐6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) during pregnancy with offspring adiposity and metabolic risk in peripuberty. Methods This study used data from 248 participants aged 8–15 y in the Early Life Exposures in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) Project, a Mexico City pre‐birth cohort. Trimester‐specific maternal dietary data was collected based on food frequency questionnaire validated for Mexican populations. We used multivariable linear regression to investigate associations of trimester‐specific intake of N‐3 α‐linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); N‐6 linoleic acid (LA), and arachidonic acid (AA); and AA: EPA+DHA ratio with: 1) offspring adiposity, according to body mass index‐for‐age Z score (BMIZ), waist circumference (WC), and sum of the subscapular and skinfold thicknesses (SS+TR); and 2) metabolic risk, as indicated by fasting glucose, leptin, adiponectin, lipid profile and blood pressure in peripuberty. Results Higher 2 nd trimester intake of EPA, DHA, and AA were associated with lower offspring BMIZ during peripuberty, even after adjusting for maternal education, parity, and child age and sex. For example, each 1‐SD increment in maternal EPA intake during the 2 nd trimester corresponded with a 0.25 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.46) units lower offspring BMIZ; similar trends were observed for WC and SS+TR. Accounting for pubertal status did not alter our findings; however, adjusting for height z‐score attenuated estimates to the null. There was no relationship between any of the PUFAs and the metabolic biomarkers. Conclusions The inverse relationship of maternal 2 nd trimester intake of EPA, DHA, and AA with adiposity may be driven by slower linear growth. This can be explained by the lack of main food sources of N‐3 and N‐6 such as fresh fish and nuts in the typical Mexican diet. More research is needed to investigate weather maternal intake of PUFAs contributes to offspring adiposity and metabolic risk in this population. Support or Funding Information This work was supported by the following grants: P01ES022844 and T32ES007062 from the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), and RD83543601 from the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). This study was also supported and partially funded by the National Institute of Public Health/Ministry of Health of Mexico. It contents are solely the responsibility of the grantee and do not necessarily represent the official views of the US EPA. Further, the US EPA does not endorse the purchase any commercial products or services mentioned in the publication. Maymona Al Hinai is funded by the Oman Minister of Education.