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Inulin Acetate Nanoparticles as Vaccine Adjuvants
Author(s) -
Narisetty Susmitha
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.938.5
Subject(s) - adjuvant , ovalbumin , immune system , chemistry , cellular immunity , humoral immunity , immunology , nanotechnology , materials science , biology
An adjuvant is a substance which is added to a vaccine in order to increase the immune response (humoral and/or cellular) of the body. Alum salts are the most common adjuvants used in currently approved human vaccines in the United States, providing efficacy of vaccines through humoral immunity. For treatment of complex diseases such as cancer, tuberculosis and HIV, both humoral and cellular mediated immune responses are critical. The recent discovery that inulin, derived from dahlia plant tubers, activates cellular immunity has provided researchers with a platform to treat these complex diseases. Inulin acetate (InAc), a novel adjuvant, is not recognized singularly by dendritic cells. However, when presented in an appropriately sized particle, InAc acts as an efficient immune modulator. We explored various approaches to prepare InAc nanoparticles of different sizes using the process of double emulsification and lyophilization for long term storage. Ovalbumin was used as a model antigen/drug and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as an emulsifying agent. Nanoparticles in size ranges from 150–350 nm were achieved by altering the concentration of ovalbumin and the volume of PVA. In addition, it was discovered that lyophilization of nanoparticles did not change particle size. The interactions of these two variables, in affecting particle size, are discussed.