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Brown Adipose Tissue Promotes Healthful Aging
Author(s) -
Guers John J,
Zhang Jie,
Yoon Seonghun,
Vatner Dorothy E,
Vatne Stephen F
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.886.16
Subject(s) - thermogenesis , brown adipose tissue , medicine , endocrinology , chemistry , basal (medicine) , adipose tissue , carbohydrate metabolism , biology , diabetes mellitus
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) increases thermogenesis and metabolism and protects against the cold. The mouse model of Receptor for G Protein Signaling 14 (RGS14) knockout (KO) has increased BAT, as assessed by a greater BAT mass and brown adipocyte size than wild type littermates and lives 17% longer than wild type (WT) littermates, and is not only protected against the cold, but has improved glucose tolerance and exercise capacity. Thermogenic function was improved in RGS14 KO as reflected by a lower reduction, <0.05, in basal body temperature in response to a cold environment (4° C) in RGS14 KO (−3.0 ± 0.5%) than WT (−7.1 ± 0.4%). Twenty‐four hour oxygen consumption, measured by indirect calorimetry, was greater in RGS14 KO (87 ± 3.2 ml/kg/min), than WT mice (76 ± 3.2 ml/kg/min; p <0.05). Maximal treadmill exercise capacity, measured as distance, was greater in RGS14 KO mice (814 ± 64 m) than their WT littermates (597 ± 24 m; p<0.05). Glucose tolerance, as assessed by the area under the curve in a glucose tolerance test in response to glucose load, was also protected in RGS14 KO mice (7,376 ± 712) compared to their WT littermates (AUC: 10,907 ± 1208; p <0.05). The goal of this investigation was to determine if BAT could be the mechanism mediating these salutary effects. Accordingly, we transplanted BAT from RGS14 KO to their WT littermates. Thermogenic function was improved in BAT recipients (−5.2 ± 0.3 %) when compared to BAT donors (−7.4 ± 0.6 %; p<0.05). Oxygen consumption was greater in BAT recipients (71 ± 5 ml/kg/min) than donor mice (57 ± 4 ml/kg/min; p <0.05). BAT recipient mice ran a greater distance (569 ± 28 m) than BAT donors (424 ± 29 m; p <0.05). BAT recipients also had improved glucose tolerance with lower areas under the glucose curves (7,010 ± 1,193) than their BAT donors (11,013 ± 1685; p <0.05). Thus WT receiving the BAT transplant exhibit improved cold tolerance, glucose tolerance and exercise capacity, similar to what is observed in RGS14 KO with intact BAT, and the RGS14 KO BAT donors lose their protection and have a phenotype similar to WT. These findings suggest that BAT mediates a number of novel mechanisms important for healthful aging. Support or Funding Information This work is supported by NIH grant: R01HL124282