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Potential sympathetic activation in response to a training macrocycle is associated sport injuries incidence in competitive sprint swimmers
Author(s) -
OliveiraJunior Silvio A,
LimaBorges Dayanne S,
Vanderlei Luiz Carlos M,
Barbosa Fernando S S,
Okoshi Marina P,
Okoshi Katashi,
Martinez Paula F
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.838.5
Subject(s) - overtraining , sprint , medicine , athletes , incidence (geometry) , physical therapy , heart rate variability , periodization , physical medicine and rehabilitation , heart rate , mathematics , blood pressure , geometry , archaeology , history
Although overtraining has been associated with disturbed cardiac autonomic modulation and sport injuries incidence, these issues are poorly understood in swimmers. This study analyzed heart rate variability (HRV), stress/recovery relationship, and sport injuries incidence during a training periodization of teenager swimmers of different modalities. Methods Thirty teenager swimmers (12 until 17 years‐old) were divided in two groups, according swimming modality: Sprint (n=17) and Endurance (n=13). Subjects were evaluated during a training periodization with twenty weeks of duration, scheduled on three stages: general period (GP, 8 weeks), technical preparation (TP, 8 weeks), and competitive period (CP, 4 weeks). To prospectively analyze HRV, time and frequency domain measures were obtained at the end of each training period. Besides sport injuries incidence, stress/recovery states in athletes were continuously analyzed with the Recovery‐Stress‐Questionnaire of Athletes. All proceedings were developed in initial moment and in the end of each periodization step. HRV results were analyzed by ANOVA and Bonferroni's test; sports injuries incidence was analyzed by Student t‐test. Results Sprint showed progressive reduction in HRV, supported by significant reductions in multiple time‐domain results (SDNN, RMSSD, and pNN50) between GP and CP. Additionally, regarding responses in the frequency domain within Sprint group, participants have also presented increased values of low frequency (GP, 48.5±4.3; CP, 58.5±4.0 nu; p=0.022), and reduced high frequency (GP, 51.4±4.3; CP, 40.6±4.0 nu; p=0.012) in competitive period compared to general preparation period; Endurance exhibited unchanged HRV results during all training macrocycle. Stress/recovery monitoring was affected by the swimming training periodization in both swimming groups (p<0.05); both differences between recovery and stress scales levels within global and sport specific contexts have increased at the end of the TP and CP, respectively, compared to general preparation period. Moreover, sprint swimmers showed higher measures of incidence of sport injuries than endurance athletes (Sprint, 0.0214±0.0068; Endurance, 0.0136±0.0050 cases/1000 hours; p<0.05). Conclusion Sprint training was associated with probable activation of the sympathetic nervous system and decreased heart rate variability, besides higher incidence of sport injuries, in comparison to endurance swimming during a training macrocycle. Support or Funding Information Financial support: CAPES; FUNDECT/MS